Spirituality - Definition and Measurement
Toward a Humanistic-Phenomenological Spirituality
Definition, Description, and Measurement
David N. Elkins,
L. James Hedstrom,
Lori L. Hughes,
J. Andrew Leaf and
Cheryl Saunders
Paper of research on spirituality being conducted by a group of professors and students at the Graduate School of Education and Psychology of Pepperdine University. The article presents a humanistic definition and description of spirituality based on the writings of Abraham Maslow, John Dewey, William James, Carl Jung, and others. A discussion on the development of the Spiritual Orientation Inventory, a measure of spirituality based on the humanistic model is also provided in the paper.
Journal of Humanistic Psychology FALL 1988 vol. 28 no. 4 5-18
http://jhp.sagepub.com/content/28/4/5.short
Troy B. Adams PhD , Janet R. Bezner PT, PhD , Mary E. Drabbs EdD , Robert J. Zambarano PhD & Mary A. Steinhardt EdD (2000) Conceptualization and Measurement of the Spiritual and Psychological Dimensions of Wellness in a College Population, Journal of American College Health, 48:4, 165-173,
Exploring the Essence of Spirituality: A Phenomenological Study of Eight Students with Eight Different Worldviews
Matthew J. Mayhew
NASPA Journal, Vol. 41, no. 3, Spring 2004
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